Posted by ♥Lendy Jane de Guzman♥ |
/

zwani.com myspace graphic comments
Welcome Graphic Comments

♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥
"Basic Carpentry and Plumbing"

Trusses

In architecture and structural engineering, a truss is a structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. External forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members which are either tensile or compressive forces. Moments (torques) are explicitly excluded because, and only because, all the joints in a truss are treated as revolutes.

A planar truss is one where all the members and nodes lie within a two dimensional plane, while a space truss has members and nodes extending into three dimensions.

A truss is composed of triangles because of the structural stability of that shape and design. A triangle is the simplest geometric figure that will not change shape when the lengths of the sides are fixed.In comparison, both the angles and the lengths of a four-sided figure must be fixed for it to retain its shape.


There are two basic types of truss:

* The pitched truss, or common truss, is characterized by its triangular shape. It is most often used for roof construction. Some common trusses are named according to their web configuration. The chord size and web configuration are determined by span, load and spacing.
 * The parallel chord truss, or flat truss, gets its name from its parallel top and bottom chords. It is often used for floor construction.

Post Frame Structures

Component connections are critical to the structural integrity of a framing system. In buildings with large, clearspan wood trusses, the most critical connections are those between the truss and its supports. In addition to gravity-induced forces (a.k.a. bearing loads), these connections must resist shear forces acting perpendicular to the plane of the truss and uplift forces due to wind. Depending upon overall building design, the connections may also be required to transfer bending moment.

Wood posts enable the fabrication of strong, direct, yet inexpensive connections between large trusses and walls. Exact details for post-to-truss connections vary from designer to designer, and may be influenced by post type. Solid-sawn timber and glulam posts are generally notched to form a truss bearing surface. The truss is rested on the notches and bolted into place. A special plate/bracket may be added to increase connection load transfer capabilities. With mechanically-laminated posts, the truss may rest on a shortened outer-ply or on a shortened inner-ply. The later scenario, places the bolts in double shear and is a very effective connection.

Parts of Truss



☺☺The Thing that I will teach you that I have learned is how to build a Roof Truss☺☺

Steps:

 1. Measure and cut the material needed for a single truss. Once cut, fit all the pieces together to see that the dimensions are true and all pieces butt tight. Once done, use these pieces as patterns for the marking and cutting of all other roof trusses required. *Note: it is crucial that the highest quality timber is used for top chords and outer segment of the bottom chords of the roof trusses, as these are the areas that experience the most stress in weight.
 2. Cut out the plywood gussets according to the truss plan provided. It will indicate the nail numbers and spacing required for the front and back nailing patterns. Ensure that the front and back nails do not come together, as this may cause splitting.
 3. Use the pattern gussets to connect a single side of the last roof truss.
 4. Nail down the truss connections on a solid surface such as saw horses, ensuring that the nails penetrate all the gussets.
 5. Drive the nails down on either side of each connection, and also on all
 6. pattern gussets. Fasten the blocking around each gusset.
 7. Lay out the framing members and ensure that they align true and butt tight above the jig truss.
 8. Stack all roof trusses for installation.

♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥




"Baking"
When we talk about baking, one thing comes in or mind and that is "cake".Baking thus not only talk about that, it is a broad topic. Baking is expensive and difficult that is my first impression about this topic when i haven't take this subject yet.
Baking is define as a technique of prolonged cooking of food by dry heat acting by convection, and not byradiation, normally in an oven, but also in hot ashes, or on hot stones.[1] It is primarily used for the preparation of bread, cakes, pastries and pies, tarts, quiches, cookies and crackers. Such items are sometimes referred to as "baked goods," and are sold at a bakery. A person who prepares baked goods as a profession is called a baker. It is also used for the preparation of baked potatoes, baked apples, baked beans, some casseroles and pasta dishes such as lasagna, and various other foods, such as the pretzel.
Baking is my favorite major subject ever. I love eating, yes I am and that's obvious because of my body, isn't it? but when we talk about baked products it seems like I want to eat more. During this time I've tried to learn different kind of baked recipe products. I did not only observe but having also an hands-on as well. y first impression was changed and I learn to love baking.
I have one favorite recipe in baking which strike really my heart, this yummy " Moist Chocolate Cake" Just continue reading and you will found out how to make this sweet product.



Butter and flour for preparing the pan

  1. Insert a toothpick into the center of the cake. If it comes out clean, the cake is done.
  2. Allow the cake to cool in the pans for 5 to 15 minutes.8 9
  3. Transfer the cake from the pan(s) to a wire rack and allow to cool completely.
  4. Frost the cake if desired. If you want to save a trip to the store and make your own frosting, Ma halo has complete guides on most of the major types out there. Check out our recipes for ideas and tasty variations on classic frosting:


    • "Enjoy Cooking"
    • ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥

Agriculture is not that good for me, it so hot when we are having our laboratory, and I feel so tired when after each laboratory.
The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage; husbandry; farming is what we called Agricultural Arts, which for me is a tireless job.
It is one of the most important areas of technology and livelihood education...
Agriculture has to do with farming. Actually, the definition of Agriculture would be the creation of goods and/or food through forestry and/or farming. So many things are from agriculture, or as a result of it.
To simplify, agriculture involves redirecting nature's natural flow of the food web. The natural flow of the food web is-the sun provides light to plants. Plants convert sunlight into sugars which provide food for the plants(this process is called photosynthesis). Plants provide food for herbivores (plant-eating animals, i.e., sloths) and the herbivores provide food for carnivores. Decomposers or bacteria, break down plants or animals that have died. Nutrients from the plants and animals go back into the soil and the whole process starts anew.

☻The division of Agriculture and the Percentage they Cover☻

  • You can really see in the graph that livestock got the highest percentage of the whole agriculture division, which means that the country is more fo

    • cus in improving our livestock supply.
    Our country is an Agricultural country and we cannot deny the fact that our farmer are the backbone of our economy and without them, we are nothing.





    • "How to make Bokashi"___by video___

    ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥
    Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools. Usually the term is applied to traditional means of making goods. The individual partnership of the items is a paramount criterion, such items often have cultural and/or religious significance. Items made by mass production or machines are not handicrafts.
    Usually, what distinguishes the term handicraft from the frequently used category Arts and Crafts is a matter of intent: handcrafted items are intended to be used, worn, etc. cetera, having a purpose beyond simple decoration. Handicrafts are generally considered more traditional work, created as a necessary part of daily life, whilst "Arts and Crafts" implies more of a hobby pursuit and a demonstration/perfection of a creative technique. In practical terms, the categories have a great deal of overlap.



    ♥The thing that I will teach you that I have learned in my handicraft is how to make "Candle"♥
  • 1. An understanding of Candle Safety (both the making and the use of them.)
    2. A heat source like a hot plate or electric stove
    3. A "double boiler" set up - a large, low pot for boiling water, with an old coffee can set inside it to melt the wax, will do just fine
    4. Some wax
    5. A wick appropriate for that wax
    6. A mold or container to hold the melted wax
    7. Fragrance or color for the candle, if desired
    8. A match to light it when it's done
    That's essentially all it takes. Of course, from there you can choose from various types of candles. and you'll need to choose the appropriate wax and wick for your project. Personalize your candle even further by choosing a fragrance or essential oil to scent your candle.
    ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥
    "Food Processing"
    Process food is very ubiquitous in our locality nowadays, which means that many food in the world now are being processed, that what we call food processing. Thus food processing means that is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by humans or animals either in the home or by the food processing industry. Food processing typically takes clean, harvested crops or butchered animal products and uses these to produce attractive, marketable and often long shelf-life food products. Similar processes are used to produce animal feed.
    Nowadays, our processed food are so important, thus it makes our life faster, easier and more convenient.
    In this subject I'm going to teach yo how to make a "Delicious Spanish Style Sardines"

    Materials:
  • 8 oz sterilized glass bottles with cap, P300 to P500
    Box cartons, P200
    Pressure cooker, P1,000
    Measuring cups and spoons
    Knife
    Chopping board
    Strainer
    Potholders
  • Ingredients:
  • 1/2 kilo sardines (tamban), cleaned without head and tail, P30 to P50
    1 medium sized carrot (cut thickly), P7
    3 pcs of pickled cucumber (cut thickly), P50
    2 bay leaves, P4
    Peppercorn, P3
    Red pepper, P15
    Salt solution (1 part salt to 4 parts water)
    Water
    1/2 cup of corn or olive oil, P10
    Chili (optional), P10
  • Getting Started:
  • Cut each fish to fit the size of the glass bottle, and wash thoroughly to remove blood vessels and other foreign matter.
    Soak fish in salt solution for 30 minutes to wash out the fishy odor, then drain.
    Put fish in a glass bottle, together with carrots, pickled cucumber, bay leaves, peppercorn, chili.
    Pour in enough corn or olive oil to cover all ingredients — leaving about 1 inch of empty space on top.
    Place them inside the pressure cooker.
    Cook in pressure cooker for 1 hour at 121° C (or 1.5 hours at 116° C).
    When finished, use potholders to take out the bottles.
    Cool jars under running water, making sure to also rinse off any adhering oil. Allow them to cool and dry in an inverted position. This is to make sure the caps are not leaking.
    Label and store at room temperature. The longer you leave them out, the more they will cure and increase in flavor.

    ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥
    "Fishery Arts"
    Fishery Arts is one of the easiest major subject I ever had, no mathematics, no solution needed and what yo are going to do is to research, familiarize or if possible, memorize..ahhahahaha
    The teacher is not that strict and I love the way he teach, well some kind of humorous, knowledgeable and challenging teacher, hmmm he might be flattered if he will read this portfolio. It is the art of reproducting, marketing and catching of fish in large amont. wherein it is divided into two division the Aqacultre and Maricltre.
    Aquaculture is the farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms such as finfish, mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants.[1][2] Also known as aquafarming, aquaculture involves cultivating aquatic populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish.[3] Commercial aquaculture supplies one half of the fish and shellfish that is directly consumed by humans.
    Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments. Particular kinds of aquaculture include algaculture (the production of kelp/seaweed and other algae), fish farming, shrimp farming, oyster farming, the growing of cultured pearls and the growing and selling of ornamental fish. Particular methods include aquaponics, which integrates fish farming and plant farming.



    Many of or Filipino brother's livelihood is fishing and it is or obligation to help and to support them, specially the government which must take action against prohibited way of fishing. Or government must help or fisherman in producing more catch, by giving the necessary things for their fishing purposes, "may them be enlightened"
    Fishing can teach all of us lifelong skills. We learn patience by sitting and waiting
    for a bobber to dip below the surface. If one bait or lure isn’t working, we learn not
    to give up. We also learn problem-solving when we end up with our line in a tree.
    Fishing sometimes puts us in ethical dilemmas in which we must make tough decisions.
    Fishing also teaches us to work cooperatively with one another when we
    share our fishing knowledge. Fishing allows us to be in nature, to experience it and
    learn more about it. Whether we know it or not, fishing exposes us to habitats, food
    chains, wildlife management and a variety of other environmental concepts.


    In this major subject I'm going to teach you the proper "Feeding of Fish" in your aquarium.
  • 1. Buy the type of fish food that is suitable for the fish you bought. Do some research and find out if your fish is an herbivore, a carnivore, or an omnivore. Most fish can be fed flake food or pellets, but some species have specialized diets. You may want to buy several types of food.
    Feed in small portions, only as much as your fish can eat in 2 or 3 minutes. If you put too much food in the tank, scoop it out with a fine net.
    3. Spread out the food so everyone gets some.
    4. Several times a week, give your fish frozen, freeze-dried, or live foods, such as bloodworms, tubifex worms, daphnia, and brine shrimp. This will improve their overall health and color.
    5. You can also supplement their diet with vegetables! Carrots, zucchini, cucumbers, carrots, lettuce, and peas are just a few of the veggies your fish might enjoy. You can attach a piece of vegetable inside the tank with a vegetable clip, or cut it into small pieces to feed to your fish. Be sure to remove any uneaten veggies within 48 hours, or it will start to rot in your tank.
    ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥
  • "Metalworks and Welding"
  • Oh well the subject is just a game for me, I just consider it as a games, because my classmate act the same way too. I like too see some sparks when we are having or laboratory, it is full of fun and good memories with or very good and kind teacher, thanks sir. I've learned many things in this subject, but every time we finished or laboratory, I turn very dirty..
    Welding is the process of joining metals by melting the parts and then using a filler to form a joint. Welding can be done using different energy sources, from a gas flame or electric arc to a laser or ultrasound.
    As what I had learned in or Welding subject. Welding cannot be done with all types of metals, as some materials, such as stainless steel, are prone to cracking and distortion when overheated. Alloys are particularly problematic, since it's hard to know the exact chemical composition of the metal. Welding has become highly automatized over the last decade, and the use of welding robots is now commonplace in certain industries, such as the automotive manufacturing plants.
    Welding has been attempted successfully in unusual conditions, including underwater and in outer space. Underwater welding is widely used in the repair of pipelines and ships, while welding in space is currently under research as a possible way to put together the International Space Station, currently being assembled in outer space.



    In this major subject I'm going to teach you how to "Join 2 or more metal Through Welding"
  • Safety Gear
  • MIG welding can be a pretty safe thing to do so long as you follow a few important safety precautions. Because of MIG welding produces lots of heat and lots of harmful light, you need to take a few steps to protect yourself.Safety Steps:The light that is generated by any form of arc welding is extremely bright. It will burn your eyes and your skin just like the sun will...

  • Step1 Prepare for Your Weld
    Before you start welding make sure things are properly setup at both the welder and on the piece you are about to weld.The WelderCheck to make sure that the valve to the shielding gas is open and that you have around 20ft3/hr flowing through the regulator. The welder needs to be on, the grounding clamp attached to your welding table or to the piece of metal directly an…
  • Step2 Laying a Bead
    Once your welder is set up and you have prepped your piece of metal it's time to start focusing on the actual welding.If it's your first time welding you might want to practice just running a bead before actually welding two pieces of metal together. You can do this by taking a piece of scrap metal and making a weld in a straight line on its surface. Do this a couple …
  • Step3 Welding Metal Together
    Once you've got your method tested out a bit on some scrap, it's time to do the actual weld. In this photo I am doing just a simple butt weld on some square stock. We've already ground down the edges of the surfaces that are going to be welded so that the seem where they meet makes a small "v". We are basically just taking the welder and making our sewing motion acro…
  • Step4 Grind down the weld
    If your weld isn't on a piece of metal that will show, or if you don't care about how the weld looks, then you are done with your weld. However, if the weld is showing or you are welding something that you want to look nice then you will most likely want to grind down your weld and smooth it out. Slap a grinding wheel onto an angle grinder and get started grinding on…

    Step5 Common Problems
    It can take a good amount of practice to start welding reliably every time, so don't worry if you have some problems when you first stop. Some common problems are:No or not enough shielding gas from the gun is surrounding the weld. You can tell when this happens because the weld will start splattering little balls of metal, and will turn nasty colors of brown and gree…
  • Step 6 Wire Fuses to Tip/Change the Tip
    Sometimes if you are welding too close to your material or you are building up too much heat the tip of the wire can actually weld itself onto the tip of your welding gun. This looks like a little blob of metal at the tip of your gun and you'll know when you have this problem because the wire won't come out of the gun anymore. Fixing this is pretty simple if you just …
  • Step 7 Replace Wire Feed to Gun
    Sometimes the wire gets kinked and won't advance through the hose or the gun even when the tip is clear and open. Take a look inside of your welder. Check out the spool and the rollers as sometimes the wire can become kinked in there and need to be re-fed through the hose and the gun before it will work again.
    ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥

    ♦Architectural Drafting♦
  • It is a subject which only made for the engineering and architecture student oh y God it feels like I am in hell if I'm going to attend in our laboratory, it seems like i don't something and I am out of my mind, for me it is so difficult.
    Architectural Drafting is when you learn the how to create working drawings and computer simulations used in the designs and construction of buildings, and other structures.
    Drafters' drawings provide visual guidelines and show how to construct a product or structure. Drawings include technical details and specify dimensions, materials, and procedures. Drafters fill in technical details using drawings, rough sketches, specifications, and calculations made by engineers, surveyors, architects, or scientists. For example, many drafters use their knowledge of standardized building techniques to draw in the details of structures. Some use their understanding of engineering and manufacturing theory and standards to draw the parts of a machine; they determine design elements, such as the numbers and kinds of fasteners needed to assemble the machine. Drafters use technical handbooks, tables, calculators, and computers to complete their work.


    In this subject I'm going to teach you how to make a "Circle sing a Compass"
  • Year 8 Interactive Maths - Second Edition
  • Circles and using a Compass

    In this section, we will consider the definition of a circle, lines in a circle and parts of a circle.
  • A circle is a set of points in a plane that are the same distance from a fixed point (called the centre). These set of points form the perimeter of the circle.
  • The radius is the distance from the centre of the circle to any point on its perimeter.
  • The circumference of a circle is the perimeter of the circle.
  • These parts of a circle are indicated in the accompanying diagram.
  • Note:
  • The plural of radius is radii.
    Lines in a Circle
    The name of a line in a circle depends on its position in the circle.
    A secant is a line that passes through any two points on a circle.
    A chord is a line that joins two points on the circumference of a circle.
    The diameter is a chord that passes through the centre of a circle.
    A tangent is a line that touches the circle at only one point
    A compass is an instrument used to draw circles or the parts of circles called arcs. It consists of two movable arms hinged together where one arm has a pointed end and the other arm holds a pencil.
    Note that a compass is also called a pair of compasses.



    To draw a circle (or arc) with a compass:

    1. make sure that the hinge at the top of the compass is tightened so that it does not slip
    2. tighten the hold for the pencil so it also does not slip
    3.align the pencil lead with the compass's needle
    press down the needle and turn the knob at the top of the compass to draw a circle


    __so easy now yo try__
    ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥
    "Food Selection, Preparation and Cooking"
  • Food preparation is the act of preparing foodstuffs for consumption. Many types of food preparation involve heating the food ingredients, however other types of preparation involve chemical, biological, or mechanical means.
    All of us who prepare food at home for our families and even those who only store their daily restaurant leftovers can benefit from some knowledge of safe food handling. Avoiding foodborne illness is of special importance for the safety of children, seniors, and anyone with a compromised immune system or serious illness. Here we will only touch on the important basics.
  • "8 Steps in Food Preparation"
  • 1. Practice strict personal hygiene: It all starts with you! Clean your hands and forearms with hot water and anti-bacterial soap for at least 20 seconds (remove jewelry), paying particular attention to under fingernails. Cuts or abrasions must be clean, disinfected, and covered with a clean bandage.
    2. Monitor time and temperature: Please purchase a good food thermometer, one that’s accurate from 0°F to 200°F. There’s no substitute for this important tool.
    3. Prevent Cross Contamination: Cross contamination occurs when pathogens are accidentally transferred from one surface or food to another.
    4. Clean and Sanitize Equipment and Surfaces: Sure, this is just common sense, but requires due diligence.
    5. Cook Foods to Proper Temperatures: Now that we have convinced you to buy a good thermometer, here’s your chance to put it to good use!
    6. Proper Holding Temperatures: It’s important to keep potentially hazardous foods at the proper temperature (i.e.: out of the Temperature Danger Zone) when serving them over long periods of time (even a few hours).
    7. Proper Cooling of Cooked Foods: Since bacteria reproduce even faster from 70-125°F, it’s important to cool cooked food to below 70° within just two hours, and then from 70-40° within 4 hours.
    8. And Proper Reheating: Reheat food for service to an internal temperature of 165°F for at least 15 seconds, within 2 hours.
    In this area I'm going to teach you how to make a "Beef Steak"
    Ingredients :
  • 1/2 kilo of beef (round, sirloin or tenderloin), sliced 1/4-inch thick
    4 tbsp. of kalamansi (native lemon) juice
    1/4 c. of dark soy sauce
    freshly-ground pepper
    1 tsp. of minced garlic
    2 large onions, cut into rings
    2 tbsp. of cooking oil
  • Cooking procedure:
  • In a glass mixing bowl, mix calamansi or lemon juice and soy sauce. Add beef, garlic and ground pepper. Mix well. Let sit in the refrigerator for 30 minutes.
    Heat a heavy skillet. Add oil. Lightly fry the onion rings. Remove from skillet and drain on paper towels. Keep warm.
    Reheat oil until smoking. Pan-fry the beef slices in batches, removing them as they brown. When all the beef has been cooked, pour the marinade into the skillet and boil for 1 minute. Arrange beef slices on a plate. Place the onion rings on top. Pour the sauce over the onions and beef. Serve at once.

    ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥
    "Basic Electricity"
    IT'S ELECTRIC!!!
  • Electricity. It's everywhere. It's in your house, in the computer on which you are reading this, in the air, in your body, blah blah blah. You get the point. It also plays an important integral part of sound systems. From the microphone to the loudspeaker, everything is electrical, and you need to know a few things about it.
  • Electricity appears in two forms: alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Direct current does not change directions-- the electron flow is always from the negative pole to the positive pole-- although as we mentioned before, the electrons themselves don't really "move," it's the holes that are created that "move." Direct current is almost always what is used inside of electronic devices to power the various internal components, but it is a harmful thing in audio signals, which are alternating current. Alternating current does change direction-- standard household electricity is alternating current, because of its flexibility in traveling long distances. It changes direction at a specific frequency-- 60 times per second, or 60 Hz (in the United States, Japan, and a couple of other countries; in Europe the standard is 50 Hz). Audio signals vary their direction-alternation according to the frequency in question.
  • When measuring voltage in a complex waveform, engineers use a useful method of deriving an average (not the average) voltage of a given signal, termed Root-Mean-Square, or RMS, for short. The signal value (amplitude) is squared, averaged over a period of time, and the square root of the result is calculated. The RMS value of a periodic function, such as a sine wave, is 0.707 multiplied by the peak value of the wave. It is rather difficult to achieve an accurate RMS value from a complex, not-quite-periodic waveform, such as music, but it works rather well in basic AC circuits.
  • When measuring resistance in AC circuits, we use the term impedance, which refers to the complex resistance ("real") and reactance ("imaginary") in the circuit. If you remember your vector theory, impedance is the combined reactance vector and the resistance vector, but we'll touch on that a little later.


    In this topic Im going to teach you how to make a "Simple Circuit":
    Materials You Will Need:
  • Energizer® Power Pack
    Spring-tension wood or plastic clothespin
    Number 22 insulated copper bell wire (three 10" pieces with 1" of insulation stripped off both ends of all wires)
    Small blocks of wood
    One drywall nail, thumbtacks, paper clip
    3-volt flashlight bulb
  • Please Read Carefully!
  • All experiments use safe, low-voltage battery power. Household electrical current contains high voltage that could cause serious injury. DO NOT use household electrical current for any of these experiments. ALL experiments should be conducted under adult supervision.
  • Carefully follow wiring instructions for each experiment - improper wiring can result in battery leakage and/or rupture.
    DO NOT take a battery apart - contact with internal battery material can cause injury.
    DO NOT dispose in fire, recharge, put in backwards, mix with used or other battery types - may explode, leak and cause personal injury.
  • How to Build a Switch:
  • Wind a bare wire end around a thumbtack. Hook a paperclip around the tack and press it into a wood block.
    Wind the second bare wire end around another thumbtack and press it into the wood.
    This wire will connect to your Energizer® Power Pack positive (+) lead wire.
    Place a third thumbtack in the middle of the wood block to hold your paper clip switch in place. Your switch is now completed.
    Alternate: Insulated knife blade switches are available commercially, and are used to illustrate the experiments throughout this site.

    How to Build a Bulb Holder:
  • Nail a clothespin to a wood block.
    Place a loose wire from switch (step #1) with a tack into the wood directly under the clothespin jaws.
    Wrap one stripped end of the remaining unconnected wire around the bulb. Clamp it in the jaws of the clothespin with thumbtack below in order to make a complete circuit.
    Tack the loose wire to the wood. This wire will connect to your Energizer® Power Pack negative (-) lead wire.
    Alternate: Insulated light bulb holders are available commercially, and are used to illustrate the experiments throughout this site.

    ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥
    "Graphic Science and Arts"
  • Graphic design is a creative process — most often involving a client and a designer and usually completed in conjunction with producers of form (i.e., printers, programmers, signmakers, etc.) — undertaken in order to convey a specific message (or messages) to a targeted audience. The term "graphic design" can also refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines that focus on visual communication and presentation. The field as a whole is also often referred to as Visual Communication or Communication Design. Various methods are used to create and combine words, symbols, and images to create a visual representation of ideas and messages. A graphic designer may use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to produce the final result. Graphic design often refers to both the process (designing) by which the communication is created and the products (designs) which are generated.
  • "Importance of Graphics and Art"
  • Graphic Design is all around us in our society. It is what drives advertising, attracts us to brands and makes public settings enjoyable or “hard on the eyes”. With this being said, it is no wonder why Graphic Design is so important to our everyday lives. As times and styles change, the socially acceptable elements of Graphic Design change.
    In this dawn of the new century we have a new style that is prevalent all around us. This is sort of a minimalistic, yet bold approach to design. Quite a few ads and designs are not much more than well placed images with a couple splashes of text and a logo. This style has been driving Websites, print ad campaigns and outdoor media for quite a few years now.
  • No matter what style of design an individual likes, if they are a designer, they still have to follow some basic elements of the trends around them. Adopting parts of various styles will make a design unique, but making sure it appeals to the masses is what will make the design successful.


    In this topic I'm going to teach you how to make " Rubber Stamp"
  • Purchase the materials at local craft chains. The rubber pad and the lino cutter tools may be found near the rubber stamping supplies but often they are found in the calligraphy or carving supplies. If you do not find them at your local craft store you may check in college book stores or there are sources online. You can also carve erasers. They are cheaper, but smaller.
    Ads by Google
    CeeJay Stamps Postage Stamps of the World Stamps and approvals for collectors
    www.cjstamps.com
    2 Choose an image about the size of a business card or wallet size photo. For inspiration, use Google's image search and choose black and white images. If you draw your own, draw a simple line drawing (think of what you see in children's coloring books).
    3. Cover the back of your image with pencil.
    4. Trace it onto the rubber pad. Pen works well.
    5. Use the pen to write directly onto the rubber.
    6. Carefully carve your stamp using the tools. Start with small tools, and start in the tight areas. Remove the pink and leave the ink. Do not go too deep. Go straight down into the rubber, not at an angle. Make strokes that start near ink and move away from it. Let up pressure just before arriving at another ink mark. Remove tool and start from opposite side. When making curves, turn the pad, not the tool.
    7. Leave the area around the image for last:
    Remove the stamp with the knife-like tool. Leave rubber around the edges.
    Once removed, clean the edges area around the stamp with the largest too.


    ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥
    " Clothing and Grooming"
  • A feature of all modern human societies is the wearing of clothing, a category encompassing a wide variety of materials that cover the body. The primary purpose of clothing is functional, as a protection from the elements. Clothes also enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking, by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment. Further, clothes provide a hygienic barrier, keeping toxins away from the body and limiting the transmission of germs.
    Clothing performs important social and cultural functions. A uniform, for example, may identify civil authority figures, such as police and army personnel, or it may identify team, group or political affiliations. In many societies, norms about clothing reflect standards of modesty, religion, gender, and social status. Clothing may also function as a form of adornment and an expression of personal taste or style.

    The human race universally wears articles of clothing-also known as dress, garments, or attire-on the body in order to protect it against the adverse climate conditions. In its broadest sense, clothing is defined as the coverings of the torso and limbs, as well as the coverings for the hands, feet and head. Articles carried rather than worn, such as purses, are usually counted as accessories, while glasses or jewelry, although worn, also fit this category. On the other hand, the body's decoration with tattoos, make-up and hairstyle, although contributes to the general message an individuals want to relay in addition to his or her clothing choices, do not constitute clothing as such.
  • I want you to teach how to make a " Sleeve Pattern"
  • 1. MEASURE UP
    a. To get started, you’ll need your draped shift pattern a few arm measurements. Follow the illustration to take the correct arm measurements needed for the sleeve.


    Measure your arm as shown.
    Bicep circumference: Measure around the arm, but don’t pull the tape too tightly. Measure around the fullest part of your arm, about 4 inches below the shoulder.
  • Arm length: Bend your arm slightly at the elbow and measure from your shoulder bone to the wrist bone, passing over the elbow.
  • Length to elbow: Measure from the shoulder to the point of the elbow
  • Elbow circumference: Bend your arm again. Measure around circumference of the elbow.
  • Wrist circumference: Measure your wrist circumference.
    b. Next, you’ll need to add a bit of ease to a couple of your measurements to ensure a nice fit and make sure your sleeve won’t be right up against your arm. Add 2 to 3 inches to your bicep circumference, 1 to 2 inches to your elbow width, and 1 inch to the wrist.
  • 2. MEASURE YOUR SLOPER
    a. Take the armhole depth measurement from your bodice pattern. Square a line on both the front and back bodice pattern pieces from the grainline to the underarm at the side seam as shown. Next, measure from the shoulder point straight down to the underarm.
  • b. Add the front and back measurements together and divide the sum by two.
  • 3. START DRAFTING YOUR SLEEVE

  • a. Fold your pattern paper in half lengthwise as shown; you’ll be drafting on the fold so that your pattern is symmetrical.
  • b. Along the foldline, mark points indicating the length of your arm from the shoulder point (top) to the wrist (bottom).
  • c. Square a line at the top point
  • d. From the top, measure down and mark your armhole depth (the number you figured out in step 2).
  • e. Square a bicep line out from the armhole depth that is half your adjusted bicep circumference.
  • f. Measure down the foldline and mark your elbow point. Draw a line half your adjusted elbow circumference.
  • g. Square a line at the wrist point from the fold. Draw a line that is half the adjusted wrist circumference.
  • h. Draw the underarm seam by connecting the bicep and elbow marks in a straight line that connects to the wrist line as shown.
  • Start drafting your sleeve pattern on the fold.
  • 4. FOLD YOUR PATTERN
    Turn the folded edge of the paper to the underarm seam. Crease the paper to create a one-quarter marking line and then open it back up again.
  • Fold your pattern in half to create one-quarter marking lines.
    Measure your sloper.
  • 6. FINISH YOUR PATTERN PIECES
    a. When you’re stitching up a pattern, notches help as reference points when you’re pinning two pieces together. Putting notches on both the sleeve and your sloper’s armhole will help you fit them together when you are sewing your own designs. To notch the cap, first fold the shoulder point to the bicep line along the center line and crease the fold.
  • b. Draw a double notch on the back sleeve and a single notch on the front sleeve at the foldline.
    Use a double-notch for the sleeve back and a single notch for the sleeve front.
  • c. Next, you need to notch your bodice pattern pieces. To do this, use a process called “walking.” Beginning at the side seam, align the sleeve back edge to the bodice back armhole edge. Keep the edges flush and carefully inch the sleeve-cap along the armhole edge. Use a pin as a pivot to align the edges as you walk the curve.
    "Walk" the sleeve pattern along the armhole seam.
  • d. When the double notch reaches the armhole, mark the armhole edge with a corresponding double notch.
    Mark the bodice armhole with matching notches.
  • e. Continue walking the sleeve pattern until you get to the shoulder. Mark on the sleeve cap a temporary shoulder placement with a single notch.
  • f. Repeat to walk the sleeve along the front bodice piece and notch the front bodice armhole. Walk the sleeve to the armhole again and place another temporary shoulder placement notch.
    Walk the sleeve to the shoulder point on the bodice and mark onto the sleeve.
  • g. Measure between your two shoulder placement notches. Mark your new shoulder placement centered between the temporary points.
    Measure the halfway point between the two temporary shoulder marks.
    That’s it! You’ve now made a sleeve pattern to match your sloper. Be sure and make a draft version out of muslin or other inexpensive material to test the fit before you cut into your favorite fabrics. Once you work out any fitting kinks, you’re free to create your own sleeve designs that fit every time.
    ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥
    "Basic Electronics"
    Here you should gain a full understanding of basics electronics. The basic electronics topics cover everything necessary for your continued understanding of the much more advanced topics presented later.
  • OHMS LAW, POWER, VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND RESISTANCE
  • You must have a good grasp of ohms law, an understanding of power, voltage, current and resistance. These are the first fundamental units we work with in electronics.
  • CAPACITANCE, INDUCTANCE, REACTANCE, IMPEDANCE AND "Q"
  • Capacitance, inductance as well as reactance which leads on to impedance and "Q". These are the next essential units to gain an understanding of basic electronics. Once mastered - ohms law, power, voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductance, impedance and "Q" you have then covered the very essentials of basic electronics.
  • MORE BASIC ELECTRONICS - IMPEDANCE MATCHING, TRANSFORMERS
  • Very popular basic electronics topics are impedance matching and the wide variety of transformers ranging from power transformers, audio transformers and wide band rf transformers. We also have a brief introduction to the topic of baluns.
  • TRANSISTORS, DIODES, INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND VACUUM TUBES
  • Obviously in this modern age transistors are the most used active device. This includes the concept that for all practical purposes integrated circuits comprise masses of transistors so arranged as to operate in a specific way. Every basic electronics tutorial should give a reasonable depth of study to these remarkable devices.




  • "Importance of Electronics"
  • People would be at a distinct disadvantage without the aid of electronic devices. Miniature transistors and circuit boards can be found in almost every device you use every day. Increasingly, more devices and equipment possess some of the same capabilities and features as desktop computers. Laptops have the same general type of memory as you might find in handheld devices such as cell phones and PDAs. Many types of equipment require memory to optimize the functioning.

  • ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥










    • Digg
    • Del.icio.us
    • StumbleUpon
    • Reddit
    • RSS
    Read Comments
    Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)